Soil and Groundwater Contamination Survey and Countermeasure Technologies


Soil Check Simplified Method
 
Category of Tchnology Survey Sampling Technology
Media Soil, Groundwater, Soil Gas
Contaminants
  • Inorganic Compounds (total CN, etc)
  • Reducible Inorganic Compounds (Cr6+, etc)
  • Volatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds (TCE, PCE, etc)
  • Semi Volatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds (PCB, etc)
  • Volatile Hydrocarbon (Benzene, etc)
  • Agricultural Chemicals (Organic Phosphorus Compounds, etc)
Applied (Demonstrated) Substances Volatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Heavy Metal, etc.
Scope Concentration Range Liquid material might escape when undisturbed sample is taken.
Hydrogeological Conditions
  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
  • Permeable Layer
  • Semi to Impermeable Layer
Chemical Soil Properties  
Other Remarks Soil with N value of 15 or under can be sampled, provided that samples are taken within 15m from the surface.
Technology Description Classification  
Status
  • Fully Commercialized
  • Soil and Groundwater Countermeasure Test Study (Performed 1993)
Outline of Technology A soil sampler is driven underground by a power hammer with gasoline engine to collect undisturbed soil sample or soil gas.  Obtained soil sample can be analysed on-site to determine concentration of VOC such as trichloroethylene by using PID gaschromatography or detection tube.
Required Pre- and Post-treatment  
Enhance Effectiveness through Combination Sample collecting holes can be used as soil gas suction wells or monitoring wells, depending on the diameter of the hole.
Case History Undisturbed soil samples were collected in 3 areas whose hydrogeological conditions are different each other.  Sample collection efficiency such as sampler driving time and pulling out time was measured.  The results 
(1) useful within 15m from the surface
(2) necessary time to collect undisturbed sample at the depth of 15m is 7 hours
(3) when only soil gas is to be collected, samples at 12 to 14 places can be collected in 7 hours.
Application Examples It has been used in many cases
Limitations  (1) It is not appropriate for gravel or gravel containing soil with
 (2) N value of 15 or over. Noise level is about 95dB.
Properties of Treated Soil
-
Schematic Flow Process
Driving of the Soil Sampler in the Open
Applicability In Situ Applicability Possible
Ground Structures Applicable even if Ground Structures are Present *
Required Excavation  
Groundwater Extraction None
Required Space 2 men working space is necessary when collecting shallow undisturbed sample.
Operational Time
-
Installation Time Depends on the depth of sample. About 15m depth one day.
Maintenance and Control Requirements
-
Additional Remarks * 3 meter height is necessary.  When the floor is made of concrete, separate digging by cutter is necessary.
Secondary Impacts to Environment Secondary Treatment Required?
-
Effects on Living Environment  
Additives
-
Possibility of Contaminant Spreading When a non-permiable stratum, such as clay, is penetrated, pollutant in shallow soil or undergroundwater might enter into deeper strata.
Secondary By-products
-
(July 2002)
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